Acute Injuries and Trauma:
Sprain or Strain: An ankle sprain is a common injury and occurs when ligaments are stretched or torn due to a twist or misalignment. This can lead to pain, swelling, and reduced mobility.
Fracture: A fracture of the foot, ankle, or lower leg can occur after a fall, a hard blow, or an accident. The fracture causes acute pain and usually requires medical treatment.
Overuse Injuries:
Plantar Fasciitis: A plantar fasciitis is a condition that occurs when the tendon on the bottom of the foot becomes inflamed, which can cause sharp pain in the heel, especially in the morning when taking your first steps.
Shin Splints (Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome): This is a stress injury that affects the lower leg and can cause pain on the inside of the tibia (shinbone) due to overuse or improper exercise.
Achilles tendonitis: Overuse of the Achilles tendon can lead to pain and inflammation in the back of the ankle, and is common in athletes who run or jump.
Arthritis and wear and tear:
Ankle osteoarthritis: Wear and tear of the articular cartilage in the ankle can cause pain and stiffness. This condition often occurs in older people or those who have had previous ankle injuries.
Hallux valgus (bunion): A deformity of the big toe that causes it to point outward, and can cause pain in the foot, especially when wearing tight shoes.
Treatments may include:
Physical therapy: Exercises that strengthen the muscles around the ankle, foot, and calf, and improve flexibility.
Medications: Painkillers and anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling.
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